Archive August 2007

The internet is considered as the information superhighway where you can gather the information you need for school and work. In fact, the internet is so useful that people have begun to use it for businesses.

The internet can even be a great way to entertain yourself with downloadable movies, comics and music. Another benefit the internet gives is that you can do your shopping for your clothes and groceries right in the comforts of your own home. You no longer need to go out to the supermarket or to the mall to buy the things you need. All you need to do is log in to an online shopping website and purchase the items you need.

Unfortunately, useful as the internet may be, it also has its dangers. Since more and more people are purchasing goods and services in the internet, it also paved the way for new kinds of criminals. These criminals will try and get your financial and personal information and use it to steal money from you without you knowing about it until its too late.

These people develop programs or softwares that can invade your personal computer silently and will start gathering information for the developer. With these programs, they will have access to your files and know every key you type in your keyboard and every click of your mouse. Sometimes, these programs simply destroy the files inside your computer.

Here are the different programs cyber criminals use to destroy your files, or obtain your personal information:

Spyware
Adware
Viruses
Spam emails

In order to protect yourself and your PC from the different malicious software circulating the internet, you have to purchase a kind of internet security software. However, since there is a lot of security software available in the internet, you will be confused on which one you should purchase.

This is why there are trial periods for softwares in order for you to determine which software is better. Trial or demo versions of the different internet security software are free and can be downloaded instantly from the companys website. You can download it for free, install it in your computer, and test it if it would be worth your time and money to purchase the full version of the software.

However, these demo versions can only protect your personal computer at a limited time only. After the trial period expires, the software will be locked and you will need to purchase the full version of the software in order to use it again.

Some trial versions have full capabilities while others have only limited capabilities. These free software versions can also be very useful. You can try and use these versions until you find the internet security software you want. Think of it as a temporary fix until you find the right software.

So, if you are looking for a way to protect your computer from malicious software at least temporarily, you can try out the free versions of internet security software until you find the software that is right for your computer. You have to find the software that offer full capabilities against the growing threat in the internet today. It should be able to fight off viruses, spyware, adware, spam emails, and hackers.

With the right kind of software, you will be sure that you can surf the internet without worrying about the different malicious software circulating the internet today.

 

Deon Melchior is the Editor and Publisher of Article Click. For more FREE articles for your ezine and websites visit ArticleClick.com. Article Click is a free content article directory. You may reprint this article, as long as the article is unedited and this author box is included with it's live hyperlinks.

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With  basic  authentication,  your  server  has  identified  who  the  client  user  is  by  means  of  a  user  ID  and  password.  How  sure  can  you  be  that  the  user  really  is  who  he  claims  to  be?  To  answer  this  you  have  to  consider  the  ways  in  which  the  ID  and  password  may  have  been  compromised:

 

The  user  may  have  voluntarily  given  the  ID  to  another  person.

The  user  may  have  written  down  the  ID,  and  someone  may  be  using  it  without  his  knowledge.

Someone  may  have  guessed  the  password.

Someone  may  have  intercepted  the  user  ID  and  password  between  client  and  server  systems.

 

The  first  three  possibilities  are  problems  which  occur  in  any  password-based  system.  The  normal  response  to  such  issues  is  to  suggest  better  user  education  and  password  rules.  This  is  quite  reasonable,  and  can  be   effective  within  a  single  enterprise,  where  you  have  some  control  over  the  users  of  the  system.  It  is  much  less  effective  in  the  Interne  environment,  where  the  users  can  come  from  many  backgrounds  and  locations.

 

The  last  possibility  is  dependent  on  the  level  of  protection  given  to  messages  by  the  HTTP  protocol.  We  mentioned  at  the  start  of  the  chapter  that  base64  encoding  is  used  to  protect  the  user  ID  and  password.  The  base64  encoding  system  is   described  in  the  Multipurpose  Internet  Mail  Extensions  (MIME)  standard  (RFC1521).  It  is  intended  as  a  mechanism  for  converting  binary  data  into  a  form  that  can  be   sent  through  mail  gateways,  some  of  which  can  only  handle  7-bit  ASCII  data. The  result  of  this  conversion  is  to  mask  the  contents  of  any  text  string  but,  although  it  looks  as  though  the  data  is   encrypted,  the  protection  that  Base64 provides  is  an  illusion.

 

We  will  illustrate  this  with  an  example.  In  order  to  crack  a  message,  the  hacker  first  has  to  be  able  to  capture  it.  There  are  various  ways  to  do  this  through  hardware  and  software  and  none  of  them  are  very  difficult.  What  is  more  difficult  is  finding  a  suitable  point  to  make  the  trace.  There  are  numerous  techniques  that  a  hacker  can  use  to  divert  Internet  traffic  through  his  own  tracing  system,  although  they    are  becoming  more  complex  as  firewalls  and  routing  controls  become  smarter.  Nonetheless,  we  can  assume  that  this  is  not  an  impossible  task  for  a  determined  hacker.

 

For  our  example  we  used the  DatagLANce  LAN  analyzer  to  capture  an  HTTP  packet  packet  that  contained  a  request  including  a  basic  authentication  header.

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26
Aug
2007

Internet Security -- types of Attack

02:23 raghavkumar

The internet is home to a variety of cyberpunks who pose threats to the security of WWW communications. They may attempt a number of different types of attack, for example:



Passive Attacks In a passive attack the perpetrator simply monitors the traffic being sent to try to learn secrets. Such attacks can be either network based (tracing the communications links) or system based (replacing a system component with a Trojan Horse that captures data insidiously). Passive attacks are the most difficult to detect. You should assume that someone is eavesdropping on everything you send across the Internet.



Active Attacks In these the attacker is trying to break through your defenses. There are several types of active attack, for example:

System access attempts, where the attacker aims to exploit security loopholes to gain access and control over a client or server system.

Spoofing, where the attacker masquerades as a trusted system to try to persuade you to send him secret information.

Cryptographic attacks, where the attacker attempts to break 0your passwords or decrypt some of your data.





Denial of Service Attacks In this case the attacker is not so much trying to learn your secrets as to prevent your operation, by re-directing traffic or bombarding you with junk.

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26
Aug
2007

Internet security : Http Methods

02:22 raghavkumar

When  a  client  sends  an  HTTP  request  it  includes  a  methods  specification  which  tells  the  server  what  the  client  wants  it  to  do.  So,  for  example,   a  request  to  retrieve  a  document  will  have  a  method  type  of  GET.  When  we  start  to  restrict  access  to  files  on  the  server,  we  will  need  to  specify  which   method(s)  are  permitted.

 

In  the  IBM  Internet  Connection  Secure  Sever  the  methods  are  specified  by  Mask  specifications,  which  are   part  of  the  Protection  directives.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  methods  that  the  servers  support  and  a  description  of  how  the  server  would  respond  to  a  client  request  containing  the  method.  The  description  assumes  the  method  is  enabled.

 

            -  GetMask – The  server  returns  whatever  data  is  defined  by  the  URL.    If  the  URL  refers  to  an  executable  program,  the  server  returns  the  output  of  the  program.  Briefly  you  can  receive  and  display  all  the  GTML  pages,  but  you  cannot  submit  a  form.

            -  PostMask – The  request  contains  data  and  a  URL.  The  server  creates  a  new  object  with  the  data  portion  of  the  request.  The   server  links  the  new  object  to  the  URL  sent  on  the  request.  The    server  gives  the  new object  a  URL.  The  server  sends  the  URL  of  the  new  object  back  to  the  client.   The  new  object  is  subordinate  to  the  URL  contained  on  the  request  (the  same  way  a  file  is  subordinate  to  a  directory  or  a  news  article  is  subordinate  to  a  news  group.)  POST  creates  new  documents;  use  PUT  to  replace  existing  data.

                        -  PutMask -   The  request  contains  data  and  a  URL.  The  URL  must  already  exist  on  the  server.  The  server  deletes  the  current  data  defined  by  the  URL  and  replaces  it  with  the  new  data  contained  in  the  request.  PUT  replaces  existing  data;  use  POST  to  create  new    documents.  Because  PUT  lets  clients  replace  information  on  your  server,  it’s  extremely  important  you  use  protection  rules  to  define  who  you  want  to  be  able  to  use  this  method.

            -  Mask – Mask  provides  the  protection  definition  for  the  directives  that  you   have  not  explicitly  coded..

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26
Aug
2007

Mother Boards -- an Explanation

02:17 raghavkumar


A motherboard is also known as a main board, system board and logic board. A common abbreviation is "mobo" they can be found in all computers, it is the central circuit board of your computer. All other components and peripherals plug into it, and the job of the motherboard is to relay information between them all.

A motherboard houses the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), which is the simple software run by a computer when initially turned on. Other components attach directly to it, such as the memory, CPU (Central Processing Unit), graphics card, sound card, hard-drive, disk drives, along with various external ports and peripherals.

There are a lot of motherboards on the market to choose from. The big question is, how do you go about choosing which one is right for you? different motherboards support different components, and so it is vital you make a number of decisions concerning general system specifications before you can pick the right motherboard, what type of Computer do you want to build, an Intel based or AMD based "the two most common".

If you purchase your case before the rest of the components, the first factor to think about concerning motherboards is the size, or form factor, a form factor is a standardized motherboard size, if you think about fitting a motherboard in a case, there are a number of mounting holes, slot locations and PSU connectors - 20 pin and mostly now 24 pin. The most popular motherboard form factor today is ATX, which evolved from it's predecessor, the Baby AT, a smaller version of the AT (Advanced Technology) form factor. Nowadays a standard computer will have an ATX form factor motherboard: only special cases require different form factors

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Archive August 2007

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